期貨合約

What Is a Futures Contract?
Futures Contract is a financial agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price on a specified future date. Futures contracts are commonly used in trading commodities, currencies, and financial instruments, allowing traders to hedge against price fluctuations or speculate on future price movements.
工作原理
- 標準化協議:期貨合約是標準化的,這意味著它們規定了標的資產的數量和質量以及到期日期.這種標準化允許在交易所輕鬆交易.
- 槓桿:由於槓桿的存在,交易者可以用相對較少的資金控制大額頭寸.例如,如果期貨合約需要 10% 的保證金,交易者只需支付 $1,000 即可控制價值 $10,000 的資產.
- 結算: 在到期時,期貨合約可以通過兩種方式結算:
- 實物交割: 實際資產被交付(例如,幾桶石油或幾蒲式耳小麥).
- 現金結算: 按到期時合同價格與市場價格之間的差額支付現金,這意味著沒有實際交割發生.
- 對沖與投機: 交易者使用期貨合約有不同目的:投機者 旨在從資產價格變動中獲利.
範例
假設一位交易者認為黃金價格將在未來三個月內上漲.他們簽訂了一份期貨合約,以每盎司 $1,800 的價格購買黃金,三個月後到期.如果價格漲到 $1,900/盎司,他們每盎司獲利 $100.如果價格跌到 $1,700/盎司,他們每盎司虧損 $100.
Now, imagine another trader believes that the price of gold will fall in the next three months. They could enter into a futures contract to sell gold at $1,800 per ounce. If the price of gold does drop to $1,700 at expiration, the trader can sell at the contract price of $1,800 while buying it back at the lower market price of $1,700, making a profit of $100 per ounce. However, if the price unexpectedly rises to $1,900, the trader will incur a loss, as they will have to sell at the agreed-upon price of $1,800 while the market price is higher.
關鍵要點
- 期貨合約是一種金融協議,在未來日期以預定價格買賣資產,允許交易者對沖或投機.
- 期貨合約是標準化的,並在交易所交易,便於轉移和流動性.
- 它們涉及槓桿,允許交易者用更少的資本控制更大的頭寸,但也伴隨著顯著的損失風險.
- 結算可以通過資產的實物交割或基於價格差異的現金結算來進行.
簡而言之,期貨合約就像一個承諾,以後以特定價格買入或賣出某物,使交易者能夠規劃未來並管理與價格變化相關的風險.
Other terms in this Category.